[Clark] 14th of October Sunday 1804
Halted on a sandbar and had the punishment inflicted on Newman, which caused the Indian Chief to cry until the cause of punishment was explained to him. Camped opposite an ancient fortification which is on the larboard side. When I explained to the Chief the cause of whipping Newman he observed that examples were necessary & that he himself had made them by death, but his nation never whipped even from their birth.